chemical coordination class 11 solutions NCERT CBSE

 chemical coordination class 11 solutions NCERT CBSE

Q1. (a) exocrine gland - the gland which is with ducts, the secretions are made in ducts as salivary glands and secretions of pancreatic juices, etc. these are also called ductless glands.

  (b) endocrine gland - the gland which pours its secretions in the blood directly into the blood. these secretions from this gland are called hormones.

   (c) hormone -  the secretions pour directly into the blood, produce in trace amounts, and acts as an extracellular messenger.

Q2.   some glands are 

• pineal gland 
• hypothalamus gland 
• pituitary gland 
• thymus gland 
• thyroid gland 
• testis 
• ovary
• adrenal gland 
• pancreas 

Q3. (a) hypothalamus - somatostatin, gonadotrophins.

    (b) pituitary gland -   vasopressin, oxytocin, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, growth hormone.

     (c) thyroid - tetraiodothyronine, triiodothyronine, thyrocalcitonin.

      (d) parathyroid - parathyroid hormone, etc.

     (e) adrenal - catecholemines , aldosterone , glucocorticoids .

       (f) pancreas - insulin, glucagon.

       (g) testis - adrogens , testosterone .

         (h) ovary - estrogens , progesterone .

        (i) thymus - thymosins ,

        (j) atrium - atrial natriuretic factor .

        (k) kidney - erythropoietin 

          (l) gi tract - secretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory hormone.

Q4. these are some of the following -

1. pituitary gland.
2. thyroid gland gonadotropins
3. testis, ovaries.
4. pineal gland 

Q5. a - the parathyroid hormone is the hormone secreted by the gland situated at the center, it focuses mainly on calcium levels of the body as helpsdemineralizationtion of bones, dissolution of bones, recovering calcium deficiency in the body, and increases levels called hypercalcemic hormone.

 

b- thyroid hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland which is located at the center of the lungs, as it also increases iodine levels and maintains the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates. hence, it is a very important hormone that deals with the metabolism of calcium levels also.

c - thymosins- the thymus gland secretes this thymosin hormone which is located on either side of the lungs which is responsible for the immunity of the body. it is the site where the  T- lymphocytes mature and proliferate for further fight and defense. 

d- androgens - it is responsible for the development of the secondary sexual characters of the male, and for the libido the make sexual behavior,  for secretions for male semen and active glands like prostate, etc.

 

e- estrogens - it is the hormone secreted by females, which produces and responsible for the secondary sexual characters of females, and control menstrual cycles, development of breasts, etc.

 

f- insulin, and glucagon - these are produced by the pancreas which is responsible for the production and decreased levels of glucose in the body. 

Q6. (a) glucagon and insulin respectively.

        (b)parathormone 

        (c)follicular stimulating hormone and luetieizing hrmone 

        (d)progesterone 

         (e) atrial natriuretic factor 

        (f) testosterone and progesterone 

Q7. (a) insulin, (b) iodine (c) overproduction of iodine 

Q8. the follicular stimulating hormone which is FSH is a very effective hormone which is a steroid hormone, which has mechanisms of hormone action as following - the steroids hormones are lipid-soluble hormones, which can cross the bilipid layer of the cell membrane.  it doesn't need any receptor complex, to take it in the cell, itself goes for the action binds with the receptor complex, and produces its action. for this hormone FSH, the function is that it stimulates the growth of graffian follicles and ovaries during puberty.

Q9. a-ii

       b-iv

       c-i

       d-iii