biological classification class 11 th solutions CBSE NCERT

 biological classification class 11 th solutions CBSE NCERT 

Q1. as every day, research studies are more and more developing, and each and every time a new species is being discovered, to maintain the order and identification, and nomenclature of these organisms in this world, to study them in a very effective manner and to know about each and every characteristic feature if it, in details, we need to change the classification system to maintain the sequence of species upcoming and ongoing.

Q2. (a) heterotrophic bacteria - these are used in the production of antibiotics, formation of curd, fixing nitrogen in legumes, treating many diseases like citrus canker, typhoid, tetanus, etc.

      (b) archaebacteria -in this group, methanogens present in marshy areas, which are present in the ruminant of animals, responsible for the production of biogas which is further used as a fuel.

Q3.in the group chrysophytes, the diatoms have their cell wall made of silica which is embedded in a soapbox and is indestructible, they left their cell walls in their habitats, this accumulation on earth of their cell walls over billions of years. this is called diatomaceous earth in nature.

Q4. algal bloom -

     red tides - the dinoflagellates of protists, has the tendency to rapid multiplication in water which is a marine and photosynthetic animal when they multiply themself, they realize toxins into the water, which makes the water appear red, it seems to be as red tides in the sea.

Q5.  here given some of the points which you can relate it to -

• viroids are of small molecular weight as compared to a virus, and t have free RNA and lacks protein coat in themself. 
• it is also smaller in size as compared to viruses.

Q6.  the four groups which are present in protozoa are ciliated, sporozoans, amoeboid, flagellated protozoans. these are heterotrophic modes of nutrition, 

• in ciliated, the organism is included called paramoecium, these active organisms due to the presence of the cilia around them it which makes them more motile and flexible .
• in sporozoan, plasmodium is included which causes malaria is common among all of us, we suffered around many days due to it, it actually sexually reproduces inside a human body in hepatocytes and blood. the mode of reproduction is multiple fission.
• in flagellated, the organism included is Trypanosoma which causes al-Azar or sleeping sickness, the organism either free or plastic.
• in amoeboid, the organism included is entamoeba histolica which causes cramps and may cut the blood vessels of the gut and may result in very harsh diseases, which has pseudopodia false feet, some of them have shells too and they are parasites .

Q7. insectivores and carnivores plants are partially heterotrophic organisms. they are basically are green and autotrophic, but they prey and digest small components for their nitrogen supply .

eg.utricularia , drosera ,nepenthex etc.

Q8. lichens have symbiotic associations, as the two components which contribute to it, phycobiont which term used for algal component, and mycobiont used for fungal component.

Q9.(I)heterotrophic organisms 

       (II) fragmentation, budding, fission, all vegetative means.

Q10.eulglnoids - 

1. they live in fresh organisms found in stagnant water also.
2. instead of the cell wall, they have a protein-rich layer called pellicle, which makes it flexible .
3. they have two flagella one long and one short.
4. they behave as photosynthetic in the presence of light and heterotrophic in the presence of moonlight by predating on small organisms. 
5. eg. euglena.

Q11.here are some of the points which ar important regarding it -

• viruses ar non-cellular organisms or acellular organisms, 
• which have inert crystalline structures outside the living cell.
• they infect the host by taking over the whole machinery of the individual to replicate themselves .this results in the killing of the host. 

the common viral disease is - common cold, mumps, smallpox, herpes, and influenza etc (any four).

Q12. actually do it yourself, but the hind is to be they are living and set conditions inside the body than only they are ab;e to divide themself.