the living world notes class11 neet

 the living world notes class11 CBSE

• the living world means and shows some unique and distinctive characteristics that help us recognize and differentiate them from non- livings organisms.
• there are 4 property which we gonna study in and see whether they r eligible to call a living organism's property or not:- 
• 1. growth:- @increase in mass and no. of individuals are termed as growth.
• @ each cell divides through common types of reproduction called cell division of certain organs and organisms. @in plants, this growth is continued throughout life but in animals, the growth is up to a certain age. @grwoth and reproduction are mutually exclusive events. @however, the nonliving things also bear growth factors in them as the growth is by the accumulation of the same material of one place called growth in non-livings.  @hence, due to the above property, it cannot be placed in properties of living organisms.
• 2. reproduction:- @the production of species of similar types generation after generations into new ones. @different types of organisms have their own made of reproduction in them, hence they have different modes of reproduction. @but some organisms did not reproduce anymore like sterile worker bees, mules, infertile human couples, etc., hence they r also not included in the properties of living organisms. @reproducing also cannot be an inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms. 
• 3.metabolism:- @ the sum total of all reactions occurring in the living organism s. @all living beings possess this feature except for unicellular or prokaryotes.        @this metabolic reactions occur in vitro cultures called test tubes, they arent no living but the reactions are living, hence it is classified into the property of living organisms.
• biology:= the story of the evolution of living organisms on earth. 
• identification:= the process or term to knowing of the organisms deeply at each and every characteristic of that organisms. 
• biodiversity:= this is a term that is used to express diversity as the type and number of organisms present in this world together.
• nomenclature:= the standard naming of the organisms in the world. as we have 1.7 - 1.8 million species in this world. 
• the nomenclature has types as one of them is binomial nomenclature which has two components in ti called specific epithet and a generic name.
• eg:- mango is called MANGIFERA INDICA  but make sure it is written as strictly as Mangifera indica.
• there are some rules for writing nomenclature :

1. biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics. 
2. the first word should be genus name and the second word is the specific epithet.
3. both the words in a biological name, when handwritten, are separately underlined.
4. the first word is in capital and the second word is written in small letters.

• classification:= the classification term is used when we classify organisms into types and groups and convenient categories based on observable characters.
• taxa:= it is used as the unit of classification.
• taxonomy:= based on characteristics, each organism can be classified into different taxa called the process of taxonomy.
• systematics:= the branch of the study of organisms classification. 
• this is a word derived from Latin origin means the systematic arrangement of organisms. this term is given by system naturae .given by Carolus Linnaeus.
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